Headings: Gregorius IX, Pont. Max. — Decretales (sive Liber extra)
Heading remarks: Corpus iuris canonici editio Lipsiensis secunda post Aemilii Ludovici Richteri curas ad librorum manu scriptorum et editionis romanae fidem recognovit et adnotatione critica cur. Aemilius Friedberg, Graz Akademische Druck-U. Verlagsanstalt 1955-1995 vol. I: Decretum Gratiani (1995) vol. II: Decretalium collectiones (1955), vol. II pp. 6-927;
Repertorium fontium historiae medii aevi primum ab Augusto Potthast digestum, nunc cura collegii historicorum e pluribus nationibus emendatum et auctum 11 voll., Roma (1984), vol. V pp. 231-2;
Compendium Auctorum Latinorum Medii Aevi (500-1500) cur. Michael Lapidge - Gian Carlo Garfagnini - Claudio Leonardi - Francesco Santi et al., Firenze (2013), vol. IV 4 p. 430;
Auguste MOLINIER, Angers (CGM 31), Manuscrits 1-1928, 1898 (Catalogue général des manuscrits des bibliothèques publiques de France), p. 323
F. de Mely, "Les primitifs et leurs signatures. Les miniaturistes", Paris, Librairie Paul Geuthner, 1913, p. 68;
Charles Samaran (ed.), Robert Marichal (ed.), "Catalogue des manuscrits en écriture latine portant des indications de date, de lieu ou de copiste", tome VII, Ouest de la France et Pays de Loire, Paris, CNRS, 1984, p. 33 (notice détaillée);
Jacques Dalarun (ed.), François Boespflug, Patrick Boucheron, Patrick Gautier Dalche, Christian Heck, Robert Jacob, Didier Lett, Perrine Mane, Michel Pastoreau, Daniel Russo, Jean-Claude Schmitt, Jean-Baptiste Lebigue, Olivier Legendre, Odile Lepinay, Claudia Rabel, Patricia Stirnemann, "Le Moyen Age en lumière, Manuscrits enluminés des bibliothèques de France", Paris, Fayard, 2002, p. 206, 392;
Marc-Edouard Gautier (ed.), François Avril (ed.), "Splendeur de l'enluminure. Le roi René et les livres", Angers, Arles, Ville d'Angers, Actes Sud, 2009, p. 57;
Marie-Françoise Damongeot, Massimo Medica, François Avril, Albert Chatelet, "Le pontifical d'Autun", Art de l'enluminure, 35, 2010-2011, p. 33-34;
François Avril (ed.), Nicole Reynaud (ed.), Dominique Cordellier (ed.), "Les Enluminures du Louvre, Moyen Âge et Renaissance", Paris, Musée du Louvre, Hazan, 2011, p. 201 (n° 102-104);
François Avril (ed.), Brigitte Maurice-Chabard (ed.), Massimo Medica (ed.), "Bologne et le pontifical d'Autun, Chef-d'oeuvre inconnu du premier Trecento 1330-1340", Langres, Guéniot, 2012, p. 54, 60, 105, 106, 110, 116-121 (notice 16, fig. 2-5), 124, 287 (origine, datation et attribution);
Gianluca Del Monaco, "L'Illustratore e la miniatura nei manoscritti universitari bolognesi del Trecento", Bologna, Bononia University Press, 2018, p. 3, 7, 25, 65, 77, 78, 80, 108, 113, 114, 150, 151-153, 187, 205, il. 35, 62.
BOOK PRODUCTION
Place: Bologna (attributed)
Date: 1343 (expressed)
CONTENT ANALYSIS
1 — Gregorius IX papa, Decretales (sive Liber Extra)
Incipit: ‘Gregorius episcopus servus servorum Dei ...’
[Illuminated frontispiece illustrating the papal bull: in the upper section, Pope Gregory IX is depicted while seated on a cylindrical throne in the middle of the consistory, where cardinals and bishops are emphatically addressing him with hand gestures and debating among themselves; kneeling in front of the Pope is a man with his back turned and a tonsured head, joining his hands in supplication. The lower section is divided into three scenes, connected by a common architectural background. On the left is a man seated in a chair examining a document (and perhaps affixing a seal to it); beside him is a group of five people arguing among themselves. In the centre two men are sitting on a bench arguing in a lively manner, a detail which can be deduced from the fact that one rests his hand on the leg of the other, while the latter grabs his arm and addresses him by raising a finger; on the left is a child holding a sword, who tries to attract their attention by extending his hand towards them. On the right is a man crossing the threshold of a door; a tonsured friar addresses him and introduces him to another friar whom he points to and whose shoulder he lays his hand on. Next to them are two more friars, beside whom a man in a chair (a notary?) examines a document and counts some coins with the help of another man, who holds a coin purse.
]
2r
[Illuminated frontispiece illustrating book I: in the upper part of the panel, between two trees, is a mandorla surrounded by angels of various colours, containing a tripartite radiant circle with the symbols of the Trinity (a sphere for God the Father, a haloed person for the Son, a dove for the Holy Ghost). In the lower part, in the middle of three rows of praying saints, is the enthroned Virgin Mary, who is adoring the Trinity. Before her kneel three colourful angels, who are the personification of the three Theological Virtues.]
2v
Explicit: ‘... auctoritate sedis apostolice speciali. ’
De summa trinitate et fidei [sic] catholica. rubrica
Incipit: ‘Innocentius IIIIo in concilio generali ...’
89r
De iudiciis
Incipit: ‘Ex concilio affricano ...’
[Illuminated frontispiece illustrating book II: a pope (recognisable by his red cloak) acting as a judge is depicted seated on a throne, his left hand grasping a scroll offered to him by a kneeling friar. The latter points towards a bishop on the left, who turns his head to the throne while walking away from the group: the scene depicts the episode of the bishop Quodvultdeus, who was accused by an opponent (in this case, the friar) and refused to be judged by a group of his peers. Such a group should be identified with the people standing behind the pope’s throne, among whom a cardinal, a jurist (uncertain) and some friars can be recognised.]
172r
Incipit: ‘Ex concilio maguntino ...’
[Illuminated frontispiece illustrating book III: the scene takes place in an open church structure, on top of which is an angel blowing in two horns. Under the central arch, elevated on some steps, is the altar, where a priest is celebrating the ritual of the Eucharist: he is depicted from behind while raising a chalice covered with a white cloth; a missal is lying open on the altar, in front of him. On both sides of the priest kneel two acolytes holding church candles; behind him are two more kneeling tonsured clerics participating in the ritual. The areas on the sides of the altar, which are separated from the sacred space by columns, are occupied by a group of laypeople kneeling on the ground, namely men on the left and women on the right. The lay people observe the ritual with reverence: some bring their hands to their faces, some join their hands in prayer, and others hold their hands on their chests. ]
239r
Incipit: ‘Ex concilio tribunensi ...’
[Illuminated frontispiece illustrating book IV: the scene depicts the celebration of a marriage. In the centre, the groom is putting a ring on the bride’s finger. The bride, who is wearing a crown, places her left hand on her stomach (an allusion to maternity?); behind her is her bridal party, consisting of four women making different hand gestures, perhaps to encourage her. Behind the groom, who is wearing a hood, is a man wearing a fur-lined hat and cape, who should be identified as the notary: he oversees the ritual and points to himself (perhaps to state his authority and, thus, the officiality of the marriage). The groom is also accompanied by a group of escorts, one of whom encourages him by raising his hand in the couple’s direction. ]
263r
Incipit liber V de accusatoribus | inquisitoribus et denunciatoribus
263
Incipit: ‘Felix papa si legitimus non fuerit ...’
263r
[Illuminated frontispiece illustrating book V: an enthroned pope acting as a judge is depicted on the right. In front of him is a diverse group of people, including a friar holding a volume, a bishop turning to the friar with joined hands (placing a finger on his lips to urge the friar not to speak?), a soldier carrying a document (perhaps an indictment act against the bishop) and a man clothed as a secular lawyer (fur-lined hat and cape). The latter addresses the pope with his hand gestures, pleading for (or against) the defendant, and the pope points at him in response, presumably to question him. Behind the throne are two soldiers, one of whom is holding a shield, peeking towards the group and talking amongst themselves. ]
325v
Explicit: ‘... facere quis homagium compellatur.’
2 — Bernardus Parmensis, Glossa ordinaria. Gloss to Gregorius IX's Decretales
Explicit: ‘... de pactis pactones Bernardus doctor summ[..]’
Colophon: ‘Ego iohannes presbiter de Pinciano. ad honorem dei feci hoc opus | Anno domini millesimo ccc[......]xxxxiii. Indicione xii die ii septembris.’
Angers, Médiathèque Toussaint Ms. 378, ff. 1v-2r
Open in Mirador
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS
Layout: 2 columns; Textus inclusus (Glossa)
Illustrations: Illuminated frontispieces on ff. 1v (illustration of the papal bull "Rex pacificus": Pope Gregory IX enthroned surrounded by his consistory; scenes of discussion and payment of debts), 2r (illustration of book I, "De summa Trinitate et fide catholica": Adoration of the Trinity by the Virgin, the Theological Virtues and saints), 89r (illustration of book II, "De iudiciis": Judgment scene with enthroned pope), 172r (illustration of book III, "De vita et honestate clericorum": Elevation of the chalice), 239r (illustration of book IV, "De sponsalibus": Celebration of a marriage) and 263r (illustration of book V, "De accusationibus, inquisitionibus et denunciationibus": Judgment scene with enthroned pope).
Historiated initials in golden frames, sometimes decorated with leaf motifs on a blue background at the beginning of the text and glossa: ff. 1v (Saint Bernard introduces Bernardus Parmensis; Virgin with Child enthroned; cardinal bust; king bust), 2v (Saint John the Evangelist), 172r (Kneeling praying woman; Kneeling praying man).
Iconclass: pope; beard; insignia of the pope, e.g. tiara; sitting figure; throne; consistory ~ Roman Catholic church; archbishop, bishop, etc. (Roman Catholic); insignia of bishop, e.g. mitre, crozier; cardinal; insignia of cardinal, e.g. hat, mantle; index finger upwards; index finger forwards, pointing, indicating; postures and gestures of the palm of the hand; hand on the heart; counting off arguments, calculating on fingers; codex; codex - LL - codex open; monk(s), friar(s); kneeling figure; tonsure; coat; documents (~ witnesses); debate, discussion (~ meeting); opening the door; threshold; arm stretched forward; laying the hand on another person's shoulder; gripping someone by the shoulder; notary; purse, money-bag; table; Canon Law; 'Legge canonica' (Ripa); trees; oval or almond-shaped mandorla; saints; representation of the Trinity: symbol (Father), person (Son), dove (Holy Ghost); nimbus, halo ~ radiance emanating from persons or things; Mary enthroned; the Three Theological Virtues; 'Giudice' (Ripa); sitting on an elevation; throne; scroll - LL - scroll unfolded; hands with finger-tips against each other; head-gear: hood; looking over the shoulder; angels singing, making music; horn, trumpet, cornet, trombone, tuba; nimbus, halo ~ radiance emanating from persons or things; interior of church; column, pillar ~ architecture; parts of church exterior and annexes: tower; priest (Roman Catholic); the Eucharist ~ the fourth of the seven sacraments; chalice; 'elevatio', showing the Sacred Host and Chalice; altar; altar-cloths, e.g. veil covering the altar at Lent; missal; candlesticks and candles, e.g. Easter-candlestick; acolyte, chorister, lector, ostiarius, etc. ~ functionaries in Roman Catholic church; (public) prayer; arm or hand held in front of the chest; postures and gestures of arms and hands in relation to the head; marriage, married couple, 'matrimonium'; exchange of rings ~ marriage; wedding ring; diadem, tiara; notary; postures and gestures of the index finger; putting a finger to the lips, 'Silentium'; 'Silentio' (Ripa); the soldier; the soldier's life; accusing; lawyer, attorney at law; plea, defence; palm of the hand turned up - AA - both arms or hands; protective weapons: shield
Support material: parchment
Measurements: 468x286 mm
Extent (leaves): 326
Writing: Littera Bononiensis
SEMANTIC INDEXING
Subject: Law-canon (ius canonicum)
Genre: TEXTUS (Can)
Period: late medieval
Language: Latin
DATA SOURCE & REFERENCES
MS:
Angers, Médiathèque Toussaint Ms. 378
Completeness: minimum — Source: bibliography, digital copy
