Headings: Gregorius IX, Pont. Max. — Decretales (sive Liber extra)
Heading remarks: Corpus iuris canonici editio Lipsiensis secunda post Aemilii Ludovici Richteri curas ad librorum manu scriptorum et editionis romanae fidem recognovit et adnotatione critica cur. Aemilius Friedberg, Graz Akademische Druck-U. Verlagsanstalt 1955-1995 vol. I: Decretum Gratiani (1995) vol. II: Decretalium collectiones (1955), vol. II pp. 6-927; Repertorium fontium historiae medii aevi primum ab Augusto Potthast digestum, nunc cura collegii historicorum e pluribus nationibus emendatum et auctum 11 voll., Roma (1984), vol. V pp. 231-2; Compendium Auctorum Latinorum Medii Aevi (500-1500) cur. Michael Lapidge - Gian Carlo Garfagnini - Claudio Leonardi - Francesco Santi et al., Firenze (2013), vol. IV 4 p. 430;
Chrétien Dehaisnes, Douai (CGM in-4° 6), Manuscrits 1-1239, 1878 (Catalogue général des manuscrits des bibliothèques publiques des départements. Tome VI (série in-4°)), p. 369-370;
Hermann Schadt, "Die Darstellungen der 'Arbores Consanguinitatis' und 'Arbores Affinitatis', Bildschemata in juristischen Handschriften", Tübingen, E. Wasmuth, 1982, p. 220, 297, 244, 248, 266 n. 144, ill. 106;
Alison Stones, "Gothic Manuscripts c. 1260-1320", Part Two, London, Harvey Miller, 2014 (A survey of manuscripts illuminated in France, 3, 2), p. 197.
BOOK PRODUCTION
Date: from 1280 to 1290 ca. (attributed)
CONTENT ANALYSIS
1 — Raymundus de Pennaforti, Summulae de arbore consanguinitatis et de arbore affinitatis (?)
Incipit: ‘Gregorius episcopus servus servorum dei ...’
[Illuminated frontispiece illustrating the papal bull: Pope Gregory IX is depicted seated under an arch supported by two columns, his right hand elevated in a blessing gesture (index and middle fingers raised) and his left hand grasping (or perhaps handing over) a volume. The volume is offered to him by a kneeling tonsured friar, who is accompanied by another tonsured cleric. The latter stands under another arch and places a hand on his chest.]
5v
Explicit: ‘... facere absque auctoritate sedis apostolice speciali’
Constitutiones Innocenti pape. De summa trinitate et fide catholica
Incipit: ‘Innocentius tertius in concilio generali. Firmiter credimus ...’
[Illuminated frontispiece illustrating book I: The Trinity is represented as the Throne of Grace, i.e. as God the Father seated on a throne, spreading his arms and holding a crucifix on which hangs the body of Christ, while the dove of the Holy Ghost descends from above. On the left, an angel with a halo kneels and raises a chalice to collect the blood spilling from Christ’s wound. On the right, a Franciscan friar kneels and joins his hands in prayer.]
92r
Incipit liber secundus de iudiciis
Incipit: ‘Ex concilio affricano. De quovuldeo centuriensis episcopo ...’
[Illuminated frontispiece illustrating book II: A secular judge is depicted seated in a frontal position, visually suggesting his impartiality in the administration of justice. His left hand holds a volume, a visual representation of the laws he enforces (in this case, those contained in the Liber Extra), and his right index finger is raised to address the people around him. On either side of his chair is a pair of people consisting of a tonsured cleric and a lay person. The two clerics, who presumably are the plaintiff and the defendant (it is unclear which is which), raise an index finger and a hand to address the judge and plead their case. The men behind them should probably be identified as their legal representatives. The scene takes place under three arches; the architectural structure could be a representation of a courtroom.]
156r
Incipit liber tertius. De vita et honestate clericorum
Incipit: ‘Ex concilio maguntino. Ut layci secus altari ...’
[Illuminated frontispiece illustrating book III: Inside a church, a priest is depicted in front of an altar with a chalice on it. He joins his hands in prayer as he prepares to celebrate the Eucharist. Behind him, two acolytes raise their fingers to admonish a group of lay people, as they are not allowed to witness the ritual. One of the clerics lays his hand on the shoulder of one of the men, physically pushing him away from the sacred space, the threshold of which is marked by a column. ]
221v
Incipit liber quartus. De sponsalibus et matrimoniis
Incipit: ‘Ex concilio triburiensi. De Francia quidam nobilis vir nobilem mulierem ...’
[Illuminated frontispiece illustrating book IV: A priest is depicted between a man and a woman, officiating their marriage. He elevates his right hand in a blessing gesture (index and middle fingers raised) as he prepares to oversee the joining of their hands, which will make their union official (dextrarum iunctio). The spouses stretch their arms forward (the left one for the groom, the right one for the bride), raising their free hand to express their consent to the marriage. Both spouses are escorted by a member of their party, namely a woman for the bride and a man for the groom. The scene takes place in an interior (of a church?), under three arches supported by columns. ]
242r
Explicit liber quartus. Incipit liber quintus. De accusationibus inquisitionibus et denuntiationibus
Incipit: ‘Si legitimus non fuerit accusator non fatigetur ...’
[Illuminated frontispiece illustrating book V: A pope acting as a judge is depicted seated, his left hand and his right index finger raised to address the people around him. On the left are two tonsured clerics, probably representing the prosecution, one of whom raises his left hand and right index finger to address the judge. On the opposite side stands a bishop, perhaps to be identified as the defendant, who raises his index finger in objection. The scene takes place under three arches; the architectural structure could be a representation of a courtroom.]
3 — Bernardus Parmensis, Glossa ordinaria. Gloss to Gregorius IX's Decretales
Illustrations: Illuminated arbores consanguinitatis and affinitatis on ff. 3v and 4r. Illuminated frontispieces on ff. 5r (illustration of the papal bull "Rex pacificus": Gregory IX receiving the book of the Decretales), 5v (illustration of book I, "De summa trinitate et fide catholica": Trinity with angel and friar), 92r (illustration of book II, "De iudiciis": Judgment scene), 156r (illustration of book III, "De vita et honestate clericorum": Celebration of the Eucharist and expulsion of the laity from the altar space), 221v (illustration of book IV, "De sponsalibus": Marriage ceremony), 242r (illustration of book V, "De accusationibus, inquisitionibus et denunciationibus": Judgement scene with pope). Historiated and ornamental illuminated initials, flourished initials in red and blue.
Iconclass: pope; insignia of the pope, e.g. tiara; sitting on an elevation; index finger and middle finger raised, spread out; V-sign; blessing (either of things or persons), e.g. by anointing; codex; kneeling figure; kneeling before a ruler; monk(s), friar(s); tonsure; arm or hand held in front of the chest; Canon Law; 'Legge canonica' (Ripa); arch, archivolt ~ architecture; column, pillar ~ architecture; God the Father holding the crucifix, 'Gnadenstuhl', Mercy-Seat, Throne of Grace; the crucifixion of Christ: prelude to Christ's death on the cross (Matthew 27:34-44; Mark 15:23-32; Luke 23:33-43; John 19:18-24); God the Father enthroned, usually with sceptre and/or globe; Holy Ghost represented as a dove (in flames); Trinity in which God the Father and Christ are represented as persons, the Holy Ghost as dove; throne; nimbus, halo ~ radiance emanating from persons or things; angel(s) with chalice; angel(s) catching Christ's blood in cup(s); blood spouting from Christ's wounds; monk(s), friar(s); monastic orders, monastic life: Franciscans; one person praying; hands with finger-tips against each other; 'Giudice' (Ripa); head-gear: cap; index finger upwards; lawyer, attorney at law; judicial duel; court session (court of justice); court-room; interior of church; priest (Roman Catholic); the Eucharist ~ the fourth of the seven sacraments; chalice; altar-cloths, e.g. veil covering the altar at Lent; altar; acolyte, chorister, lector, ostiarius, etc. ~ functionaries in Roman Catholic church; pushing something; gripping someone by the shoulder; arm or hand held in front of the chest; strife of laity and clergy; marriage, married couple, 'matrimonium'; blessing (either of things or persons), e.g. by anointing; index finger and middle finger raised, closed; couple before the priest ~ marriage; shaking hands, 'dextrarum junctio'; gripping someone by the hand or the wrist; clasped hands; arm stretched forward; the consent (of marriage); witnesses; members of bridal party; palm of the hand turned up; archbishop, bishop, etc. (Roman Catholic); insignia of bishop, e.g. mitre, crozier
