Headings: Gregorius IX, Pont. Max. — Decretales (sive Liber extra)
Heading remarks: Corpus iuris canonici editio Lipsiensis secunda post Aemilii Ludovici Richteri curas ad librorum manu scriptorum et editionis romanae fidem recognovit et adnotatione critica cur. Aemilius Friedberg, Graz Akademische Druck-U. Verlagsanstalt 1955-1995 vol. I: Decretum Gratiani (1995) vol. II: Decretalium collectiones (1955), vol. II pp. 6-927; Repertorium fontium historiae medii aevi primum ab Augusto Potthast digestum, nunc cura collegii historicorum e pluribus nationibus emendatum et auctum 11 voll., Roma (1984), vol. V pp. 231-2; Compendium Auctorum Latinorum Medii Aevi (500-1500) cur. Michael Lapidge - Gian Carlo Garfagnini - Claudio Leonardi - Francesco Santi et al., Firenze (2013), vol. IV 4 p. 430;
Curzio Mazzi, "L'inventario quattrocentistico della Biblioteca di S. Croce in Firenze", in «Rivista delle biblioteche e degli archivi» 8 (1897)(1897) n° 415 (repertorio);
Alessandro Conti, "Appunti pistoiesi", in «Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. Classe di Lettere e Filosofia» 3a s. 1 (1971), p. 1051;
Alessandro Conti, "Problemi di miniatura bolognese", in «Bollettino d’arte» 64, 2 (1979), pp. 8-24;
Alessandro Conti, "La miniatura bolognese. Scuole e botteghe, 1270-1340", Bologna, Alfa, 1981, p. 25 n. 23;
Gabriella Pomaro, "Manoscritti peciati di diritto canonico nelle biblioteche fiorentine", in «Studi medievali» 3a Serie XXII, I (1981), pp. 423-424, 445-452, 453;
Frank Pieter Willem Soetermeer, "De pecia in juridische handschriften Utrecht Elinkwijk" (1990) p. 349 n. 135, p. 357 n. 164-165;
Giovanna Murano, "La lista di opere peciate nel manoscritto Leipzig Universitätsbibliothek 930", in «Rivista Internazionale di Diritto Comune» 12 (2001), p. 303 n. 32;
Giovanna Murano, "Opere diffuse per exemplar e pecia. Indagini per un repertorio", in «Italia medioevale e umanistica» 41 (2000), p. 90;
"Dizionario biografico dei miniatori italiani. Secoli IX-XVI", cur. Milvia Bollati, Milano, Bonnard 2004 (2004) p. 470;
Giovanna Murano, "Opere diffuse per «exemplar» e pecia", Turnhout, Brepols 2005 (Fédération Internationale des Instituts d'Etudes Médiévales (FIDEM). Textes et études du moyen âge 29), n° 295-299; Dolezalek Juridical Paradigms (2020) pp. 175-6
Sonia Chiodo «Ad usum fratris». Miniature nei manoscritti laurenziani di Santa Croce (secoli XI-XIII) praef. Ida Giovanna Rao, Firenze, Mandragora 2016, pp. 182-5, n. 24;
Gero R. Dolezalek, "Change of Juridical Paradigms A.D. 1100-1300, mirrored in Manuscripts held in Tuscany", in «Codex Studies» 4 (2020), pp. 175-6.
BOOK PRODUCTION
Place: Bologna (attributed)
Date: from 1275 to 1300 ca. (attributed)
CONTENT ANALYSIS
1 — Gregorius IX papa, Decretales (sive Liber Extra)
Incipit: ‘Gregorius episcopus servus servorum dilectis filiis ...’
[Historiated initial illustrating the papal bull: Pope Gregory IX is depicted enthroned, his left hand grasping the edge of the illuminated initial inside which he is sitting and his right hand elevated in a blessing gesture (index and middle fingers raised). The gesture is addressed to a Dominican friar kneeling before him with his hands joined in prayer, presumably to be identified with Raymond de Peñafort.]
3r
Incipit liber primus. De summa trinitate et fide catholica
Incipit: ‘Firmiter credimus et simpliciter confitemur ...’
[Illuminated frontispiece illustrating book I: Representation of the Throne of Grace, i.e. God the Father seated on a throne, spreading his arms and holding a crucifix on which hangs the body of Christ. The throne is inserted in a polygonal frame from which the symbols of the tetramorphe appear, each holding a volume.]
79r
Incipit: ‘De quo vult deo centuriensis episcopo ...’
[Illuminated frontispiece illustrating book II: A pope acting as a judge is depicted seated, his left hand on a volume, a visualisation of the laws he enforces (in this case, those contained in the Liber Extra), and his right hand raised to point at the two bishops standing on the right. One of them raises his right hand to address the judge and holds a volume with his left hand. On the opposite side, along with a tonsured friar, is the bishop Quodvultdeus, who raises both his hands to express his opposition to being judged by his peers. The scene takes place under three arches; the architectural structure could be a representation of a courtroom.]
144r
Incipit liber tertius de vita et honestate clericorum
Incipit: ‘Ex concilio maguntino. Ut laici secus ...’
[Illuminated frontispiece illustrating book III: A priest is depicted in front of an altar with a missal on it. He raises the Host with both hands to perform the ritual of the Eucharist. Behind him are two tonsured clerics: one kneels with his hands joined in prayer, the other stands frontally and with both hands shows the people on the left. These are three lay people, elegantly dressed (hats and fur collars), who join the prayer, one kneeling down. Each group is divided by a column, to clarify that they must witness the ritual separately. ]
214r
Incipit liber quartus de sponsalibus et matrmionio. Rubrica
Incipit: ‘Ex concilio triburiensi. De Francia quidam ...’
[Illuminated frontispiece illustrating book IV: A priest is standing between a man and a woman, officiating their marriage. His right hand is elevated in a blessing gesture (index and middle fingers raised) and his left hand is holding a volume. On the right, the groom raises both hands; on the left, the bride raises her right index finger to express her consent to the marriage. Behind the spouses stand the members of their respective parties (a woman for the bride, two men for the groom).]
236r
Explicit liber quartus. Incipit quintus liber de accusationibus
Incipit: ‘Si legitimus non fuerit accusator non fatigetur ...’
[Illuminated frontispiece illustrating book V: An ecclesiastical judge (a bishop?) is depicted seated, his right hand holding a volume, a representation of the law he is enforcing (in this case, the Liber Extra), and his left hand raised. On the right is a group of tonsured clerics, one of whom is handing the judge a piece of written paper or parchment: this may represent the delivery of the libellus (the indictment act), which marks the beginning of the judicial process. On the opposite side stand two bishops, one of whom raises both hands: he is presumably the subject of the accusation, and his gesture could indicate that he is defending himself. ]
299r
Explicit: ‘... pro spiritualibus facere quis homagium conpellatur’
Incipit: ‘In nomine domini amen. Gregorius episcopus ...’
[Illuminated frontispiece illustrating the prologue.]
321v
Explicit: ‘... pontificatus nostri anno tertio. Expliciunt decretales novisime’
Firenze, Biblioteca Laurenziana Ms. Plut.1 sin.10, f. 2r
Open in Mirador
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS
Unitary manuscript
Binding: rebound
Layout: 2 columns; Textus inclusus (Glossa)
Illustrations: Illuminated frontispieces on ff. 2r, 3r, 79r, 144r, 214r, 236r, 300r, 314r, 318r-v, 320r, 321v. Illuminated arbores consanguinitate and affinitatis on ff. 212v and 213r. Historiated, ornamental and flourished initials. Paragraph marks in red and blue; running titles; rubrics.
The decorative apparatus has been unanimously attributed to the Bolognese school. At first A. Conti suggested that it was the work of four different artists, while more recently S. Chiodo put forward the hypothesis that it should be connected to a single personality ("master of 1285") with various aids.
Iconclass: pope; insignia of the pope, e.g. tiara; sitting on an elevation; bishop's throne; grasping something; blessing (either of things or persons), e.g. by anointing; index finger and middle finger raised, closed; Canon Law; 'Legge canonica' (Ripa); kneeling before a ruler; kneeling on both knees; monastic orders, monastic life: Dominicans; monk(s), friar(s); tonsure; God the Father holding the crucifix, 'Gnadenstuhl', Mercy-Seat, Throne of Grace; the crucifixion of Christ: prelude to Christ's death on the cross (Matthew 27:34-44; Mark 15:23-32; Luke 23:33-43; John 19:18-24); God the Father enthroned, usually with sceptre and/or globe; nimbus, halo ~ radiance emanating from persons or things; Tetramorph: human figure with four different heads (human head, ox, eagle, lion); codex; palm of the hand turned up; archbishop, bishop, etc. (Roman Catholic); insignia of bishop, e.g. mitre, crozier; palm of the hand turned up - AA - both arms or hands; court session (court of justice); court-room; arch, archivolt ~ architecture; column, pillar ~ architecture; priest (Roman Catholic); 'elevatio', showing the Sacred Host and Chalice; the Eucharist ~ the fourth of the seven sacraments; altar-cloths, e.g. veil covering the altar at Lent; altar; hands with finger-tips against each other; kneeling on both knees; head-gear: cap; marriage, married couple, 'matrimonium'; priest (Roman Catholic); blessing (either of things or persons), e.g. by anointing; index finger and middle finger raised, closed; couple before the priest ~ marriage; index finger upwards; witnesses; members of bridal party; 'Giudice' (Ripa); handwriting, written text; gripping someone by the arm; laying the hand on another person's shoulder; judicial duel; court session (court of justice); archbishop, bishop, etc. (Roman Catholic); insignia of bishop, e.g. mitre, crozier; the accused; plea, defence; accusing
Support material: parchment
Measurements: 429x265 mm
Extent (leaves): 321
Writing: Gothic rotunda
SEMANTIC INDEXING
Subject: Law-canon (ius canonicum)
Genre: TEXTUS (Can)
Period: late medieval
Language: Latin
DATA SOURCE & REFERENCES
MS:
Firenze, Biblioteca Laurenziana Ms. Plut.1 sin.10
Completeness: medium — Source: digital copy, bibliography
